Name: Renê Lemos Aleluia
Type: MSc dissertation
Publication date: 28/02/2020
Advisor:
Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| Maria do Carmo Pimentel Batitucci | Advisor * |
Examining board:
| Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| Hildegardo Seibert França | Internal Examiner * |
| Jose Aires Ventura (M/D) | Internal Examiner * |
| Juliana Macedo Delarmelina | External Alternate * |
| Maria do Carmo Pimentel Batitucci | Advisor * |
| Ricardo Machado Kuster | External Examiner * |
Summary: ABSTRACT
Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae) is a plant native to Brazil, popularly known as
brazilian peppertree. It is one of the most used plant species in traditional medicine. Its organs
are used in the production of preparations used in the treatment of various pathologies. The
fruits are used as food condiment (brazilian peppertree), being exported to several countries. In
addition to pharmacological actions, some biological actions resulting from compounds
originating from their secondary metabolism, especially phenolic compounds, are also referred
to brazilian peppertree. However, the use of brazilian peppertree and its products is still based
on extractivism in areas of natural occurrence of the species, which does not guarantee
uniformity regarding its chemical composition and the biological actions resulting from these
compounds, due to the interference of environmental factors. The propurse of this work was to
evaluate the influence of different fertilization modes on the production of secondary
metabolites from plants of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi and its relationship with the biological
activities exhibited by the ethanolic extracts produced from the leaves and fruits of these plants.
The plant material used in the present study was collected in an experimental plantation at
INCAPER, Linhares - ES. Six modes of fertilization were used in the supplementary nutrition
of mastic plants, with the following characteristics: T1 = control; T2 = NPK fertilizer; T3 = T2
+ boron (H3BO3); T4 = T2 + zinc (ZnSO4); T5 = T2 + H3BO3 + ZnSO4, and T6 = organic
fertilization (bovine manure). After collection, the plant material (leaves and fruits) of each
treatment was dried, crushed and crude ethanolic extracts were produced with them. Leaf and
fruit samples were evaluated for their chemical nutrient profile. All extracts were evaluated
using Mass Spectrometry (ESI (-) FT-ICR MS and MS / MS), phytochemical tests (total
contents of phenolics, flavonoids and tannins), antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and
Fe2+ chelating activity), cytotoxicity and anti-cytotoxicity in human lymphocytes and
antiproliferative effect in Sarcoma 180 cells in vitro (MTT). The extracts of S. terebinthifolia
Raddi that showed the best performance in biological tests were evaluated for allelopathic
potential (Allium cepa test system). Chemical analysis of S. teribinthifolia Raddi revealed that
most of the leaves had low levels of P, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. The plants of the T5 treatment had,
in their fruits, low levels of P, Fe, Zn and Mn and high content of copper, but not in level of
toxicity and, in addition, in the leaves, these plants also presented low levels of N and Cu. The
fruits of treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T6 showed only a lack of Zn and Mn, but with a high
content of copper (Cu). The T1F, T2F, T3F, T4F, T5F and T6F leaves exhibited the greatest
changes in macro and micronutrient contents. Spectrometric analyzes identified different
classes of substances in the ethanol extracts of fruits and mastic leaves, with emphasis on
anacardic acids and their derivatives. The extracts of fruits and leaves of S. terebinthifolia
showed different responses in the quantification tests of phenolic compounds and in the
antioxidant tests, with T1F and T6F having higher content of phenols, flavonoids and tannins.
Multivariate analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the presence of these bioactive compounds
influenced the better responses of these extracts in antioxidant action, when evaluated by
ABTS, DPPH and FRAP tests. However, in the Fe+2 chelation test, fruit extracts from
treatments T3 and T5 were more efficient. In the evaluation of cell viability in human
lymphocytes, most extracts tested showed cytotoxic activity at the concentrations and timesevaluated, with the T2 treatment being the one with the greatest selectivity of action in relation
to tumor cells. In the anticytotoxic evaluation, in the simultaneous and post-treatment
treatments, the extracts of T1F and T6F demonstrated a protective capacity to human
lymphocytes against cisplatin, in most concentrations tested. Regarding the allelopathic
potential, all extracts tested, in concentrations of 1.0; 2.5 and 5.0 mg.mL-1 interfered in the
germination of seeds exposed to them (IA), as well as in the parameters of germination (IVG)
and root growth (CRM and IVCR).
Keywords: Allelopaty antioxidants anacardic acids cytotoxicity
