RIO SANTA MARIA DA VITÓRIA (ES, BRAZIL): ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND TOXICOGENETIC EVALUATIONS IN WATER, SEDIMENT AND SEDIMENT ELUTRIATE SAMPLES
Name: IAN DRUMOND DUARTE
Type: PhD thesis
Publication date: 18/12/2017
Advisor:
Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| Silvia Tamie Matsumoto | Advisor * |
Examining board:
| Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| Antelmo Ralph Falqueto | Internal Examiner * |
| Camilla Rozindo Dias Milanez | Internal Alternate * |
| Geraldo Rogério Faustini Cuzzuol | Internal Examiner * |
| Josimar Ribeiro | External Alternate * |
| Levi Pompermayer Machado | External Examiner * |
| Maria Aparecida Marin Morales | External Examiner * |
| Silvia Tamie Matsumoto | Advisor * |
Summary: Abstract:
Assessing aquatic ecosystems quality requires adequate criteria. In this regard, in vivo and in vitro systems are used to assess environmental quality. Among them, Allium cepa L., Lactuca sativa L. and culture of CHO-K1 cells. Considering its importance, this work analyzed water, sediment and sediment elutriate quality of Santa Maria da Vitória River (ES, Brazil) during two periods on six sampling stations, through quantification of metals and ecotoxicological responses in cells of A. cepa, L. sativa and CHO-K1. Metals quantification in samples was based on the U.S. EPA 200.8 method. From water samples, toxigenic assays were carried out in A. cepa and L. sativa by means of root meristematic and F1 cells. Thus, mitotic index, chromosomal aberration rate and micronucleus frequency were calculated. From CHO-K1 lineage cell culture, were realized MTT, Tripan blue and nuclear division index tests, the comet assay and micronucleus test with cytokinesis block. In experiments with L. sativa, phytotoxicity analyzes were carried out, and in pre-growth stage, activities of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed, as well as estimated chlorophyll content. In addition, gaseous exchanges were analyzed. Sediment and sediment elutriate samples were evaluated by toxicogenic assays in A. cepa. Among quantified metals, Mn, Pb, Cu and mainly Al showed the highest concentrations, being suggested as the major contaminant evaluated. In this sense, it is suggested that metals concentration is related to geomorphological and pedological characteristics of the region, as well as to anthropic sources. These metals concentrations could be influenced by precipitation and flow of the environment in question. The variables analysed by A. cepa, L. sativa and CHO-K1, revealed cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials in both water, sediment and elutriate of sediment samples. Besides that, water samples showed phytotoxic potential in L. sativa, and promoted an increase in antioxidant metabolism in some stations. The gas exchange analysis showed a decrease in photosynthetic process efficiency, being this fact possibly related to Cu concentrations. The effects observed in this study appear to be related to quantified metals and other contaminants, considering the region use and occupation. Therefore, it is concluded that environmental quality of the Rio Santa Maria da Vitória may be compromised.
